Chronoamperometric Ammonium Ion Detection in Water via Conductive Polymers and Gold Nanoparticles

Data di pubblicazione: 26 Giu 2024

RivistaFonte dati: OPENALEXTipo OpenAlex: articleOpen Access
Autori: Roberta Agata Farina, Silvia Scalese, Domenico Corso, Giuseppe Emanuele Capuano, Giuseppe Andrea Screpis, Maria Anna Coniglio, Guglielmo Guido Condorelli, Sebania Libertino

Monitoring of ammonium ion levels in water is essential due to its significant impact on environmental and human health. This work aims to fabricate and characterize sensitive, real-time, low-cost, and portable amperometric sensors for low NH4+ concentrations in water. Two strategies were conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV): electrodeposition of Au nanoparticles on a commercial polyaniline/C electrode (Au/PANI/C), and CV of electropolymerized polyaniline on a commercial carbon electrode (Au/PANIep/C). Au NPs increase the electrical conductivity of PANI and its ability to transfer charges during electrochemical reactions. The electrode performances were tested in a concentration range from 0.35 µM to 7 µM in NH4+ solution. The results show that the Au/PANI/C electrode performs well for high NH4+ concentrations (0.34 µM LoD) and worsens for low NH4+ concentrations (0.01 µM LoD). A reverse performance occurs for the electrode Au/PANIep/C, with a 0.03 µM LoD at low NH4+ concentration and 0.07 µM LoD at high NH4+ concentration. The electrodes exhibit a good reproducibility, with a maximum RSD of 3.68% for Au/PANI/C and 5.94% for Au/PANIep/C. In addition, the results of the repeatability tests show that the electrochemical reaction of sensing is fully reversible, leaving the electrode ready for a new detection event.

Fonte
Molecules
Volume
29
Fascicolo
13
Pagine
3028
Citazioni
15
ID archivio
945f6150995e23f02fa269be9b57e75c
Riferimenti
Volume: 29 Issue: 13 Pages: 3028