Periodically twinned Si nanowires were fabricated on Si surface by high-temperature annealing, in vacuum, of deposited colloidal Au nanoparticles. While performing the annealing process in a gas carrier with trace amounts of oxygen almost-cylindrical silica nanowires are obtained thanks to the stabilizing effect of the oxygen, faceted nanowires are obtained in vacuum condition. In this last case, nanowires with diameter in the 70–150 nm range and length of some microns are obtained. They present an arrangement of periodically twinned segments with a rather uniform thickness along the entire growth length. A minimum surface energy and strain energy argument is used to explain the formation of periodic twins in the Si nanowires. The thickness of the periodic twinned segments is found to be linearly proportional to the nanowire diameter, and a constant volume model is used to explain the relation. By the fit of …